Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2022-04-30
Abstract：
Employee voice has become increasingly important to organizational development in the dynamic and complex business environment. Prior research has demonstrated that employees become less likely to engage in voice behaviors when the work environment is unsupportive of such behaviors. Nevertheless, some employees constantly exhibit voice behavior despite adversity, and sometimes adversity may even foster more voice behaviors. To answer how employees can continue to speak up in adversity, this research first explores the concept and develops a scale for voice resilience. Second, basing on the achievement goal theory, this research proposes the formation mechanism of voice resilience and its boundary condition. Third, this research examines the influence of voice resilience on employees’ subsequent voice behavior and leaders’ voice endorsement. By doing so, this study advances the frontiers of voice research and provide practical implications for organizations to understand and cultivate employees’ voice resilience.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Physics >> Condensed Matter: Electronic Structure, Electrical, Magnetic, and Optical Properties submitted time 2022-04-30
Abstract：
Strain engineering of 2D materials is capable of tuning the electrical and optical properties of the materials without introducing additional atoms. However, there are still great challenges in realizing straining of 2D materials with CMOS compatibility. Here, a method for large-scale ultrafast strain engineering of CVD-grown 2D materials is proposed. We introduce locally non-uniform strains through the cooperative deformation of materials and metal/metal oxide core/shell nanoparticles through cold laser shock. Raman and PL spectra reveal that the tensile strain of MoS2 changes and the band gap decreases after laser shock. MD simulations are used to investigate the mechanism of the ultrafast straining of CVD-grown 2D materials. Field effect transistors of CVD MoS2 were fabricated, and the performances before and after straining of the same devices are compared. By adjusting the strain level of MoS2, the field effect mobility can be increased from 1.9 cm2V-1s-1 to 44.1 cm2V-1s-1. This is the maximum value of MoS2 FETs grown by CVD with SiO2 as dielectric. As an environment-friendly, large-scale and ultra-fast manufacturing method, laser shock provides a universal strategy for large-scale adjustment of 2D materials strain, which will help to promote the manufacturing of 2D nano electronic devices and optoelectronic devices.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Mathematics >> Mathematics （General） submitted time 2022-04-30
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2022-04-29
Abstract： <p>Purposes This paper explores the research progress and the implementation status of author contribution statement(ACS), so as to provide reference for related research in the future.</p><p>Methods Through literature review and case study, this paper summarizes the research progress in the field of author contribution statement and the current situation of implementing the author contribution statement.</p><p>Findings The studies on ACS mainly focus on five aspects: authorship qualification and ranking, disclosure form, author contribution elements, authorship weight and author contribution network. As for the application of ACS, low adoption and irregular form of ACS are two main problems.</p><p>Conclusions It is recommended to promote the implementation of ACS and build the metadata system of ACS based on CrediT combined with ORCID. Additionally, editors need to supervise the implementation process.</p>
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Estimating the time scale of species evolution is an important part of life evolution. It is found that there are significant differences in the evolution rate of different genes and species in recent years, which challenges the molecular clock hypothesis to a great extent. Therefore, new methods are needed to re-estimate the evolutionary events time. The whole genome sequence of angiosperms makes it possible to estimate the evolutionary time from the whole genome perspective. In order to re-estimate the evolution time of angiosperms, an evolution rate correction model based on genomic data is established according to the idea that shared polyploidy events or shared divergence events should have the same Ks peak. The results were as follows: (1) Three common ways to obtain Ks distribution were compared and analyzed, which showed that the best way was to extract the median of Ks values on collinear blocks. (2) The change process of Ks distribution was simulated with time accumulation coefficient v of Ks values. When v was assumed to obey the normal distribution, the Ks distribution had a long tail phenomenon. (3) The correction process was described in detail, which was conducive to the understanding and wide spread of this method. From the application of correction method in angiosperms, it was found that the Ks peak before correction was not linear with time, while the Ks peak after correction was directly proportional to time, indicating that it is very necessary to estimate the time of species evolution events after correcting the Ks peak. It was also found that although the evolution rate of angiosperms was significantly different, the evolution rate between different branches was still partially consistent: Magnoliids had the slowest evolutionary rate, followed by Eudicots and Monocots. When the environment changed greatly, most species of different lineages of angiosperms had synchronous radial evolution and adaptive evolution. Finally, the model corrects angiosperms and established a relatively reliable angiosperm evolution time axis, which helps to understand the evolution process and model, especially to understand the phylogenetic relationship and the causes of diversity and provides phylogenetic and evolutionary support for plant research.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to explore the difference in the molecular mechanism of the variety Puerarial between isoflavones metabolic enzyme genes PtCHI, to preliminarily reveal the difference content of the isoflavones. The material of this study is Pueraria montana and Pueraria thomsonii. Puerarin and total flavonoids of Pueraria montana and Pueraria thomsonii were extracted by ethanol, and their content was measured by high-performance liquid phase. Based on the CDS sequence of the CHI gene of Pueraria montana, the PtCHI gene from Pueraria thomsonii was isolated by homologous cloning, and the protein was expressed in vitro. At the same time, the location of the PtCHI gene was studied in Arabidopsis protoplasts. The results were as follows: (1)The content of puerarin in Pueraria montana is significantly higher than the Pueraria thomsonii, and the content of total flavonoid was also, but not significant. (2)Successfully isolated the gene PtCHI from Pueraria thomsonii. The gene was 742 bp in length, contains a complete ORF frame of 672 bp, encodes 223 amino acids, and has up to 99% homology with Pueraria montana; it was predicted to be a stable hydrophobic protein with a size of 27.8 kD. (3)This study found that the expression of CHI gene in Pueraria thomsonii was stem> root> leaves, Pueraria thomsonii was root> stem> leaves. The expression of CHI genes from Pueraria thomsonii was significantly higher than Pueraria thomsonii besides in leaves; (4) Through the online tool prediction analysis, PtCHI was found to be stable hydrophilic protein and the size was 27.8 kD. The secondary and tertiary structures were based on α-Helix-based, with 25 phosphorylation sites, closely related Pueraria montana, Glycine max and Glycyrrhiza uralensis, and were more likely to interact with F3H2, F3H, 4CL4, DFR2 and CHS.(5)At the same time, the protein of PtCHI was successfully induced and isolated in vitro, with a single protein of 27.8 kD, respectively. (6) Through the Arabidopsis protoplasts revealed that PtCHI was only located in the chloroplasts. This study is in further analyzing the difference in flavonoids in Pueraria montana and Pueraria thomsonii, as well as laying the foundation for the functional verification of Pueraria thomsonii PtCHI and the research on the mechanism of isoflavone metabolism.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Acanthus ebracteatus is a special kind of rare mangrove plant, possessing great medicinal value. In this paper, by studying the diversity of endophytic and rhizosphere culturable bacteria in the A. ebracteatus, we explored new potential bacterial species and strains with special biological activities. The culturable bacteria were isolated from A. ebracteatus by dilution separation method. The bacterial diversity was investigated based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. In addition, the confrontation experiment and lawn predation assay were utilized to screen bacteria with anti-microorganism activities. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 144 culturable bacteria were isolated from A. ebracteatus root, stems, leaves, flowers and rhizosphere soil. These bacteria were affiliated into 66 species based on the analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The bacterial genera Bacillus and Streptomyces were dominant in plant tissue and rhizosphere soil with that of the value 15.1% and 13.6%, respectively. (2) The bioactivity assays revealed that there were 29 strains with anti-fungal activity and 10 strain possessing a broad spectrum of anti-fungal activity. Among them, the Streptomyces strains have the strongest antagonistic effect, and the active strain Y129 was a potential new species; (3) A total of five strains showed predation activity on Staphylococcus aureus, Multi-drug resistance Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Pseudomonas has the strongest predatory activity, and the active strain Y90 was a potential new species. A. ebracteatus and their rhizosphere soils contain rich bacterial germplasm resources and have a variety of functional strains, which can be used as one of the sources of biocontrol bacteria and medicinal bacteria. This study also lay a foundation for improving the efficacy and cultivation of A. ebracteatus.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Moringa oleifera is a perennial tropical deciduous tree species, which has high economic value and cultivation purpose. In order to investigate the effects of different water (W) and nitrogen (N) additions on the root growth and traits of Moringa oleifera, we explored the response of root growth (e.g., root length, surface area, volume and average diameter of coarse and fine roots) of Moringa oleifera seedlings to the coupling of different soil water and nitrogen availability. There were three soil W gradients including 40% (W1), 60% (W2), 80% (W3) of field saturated water capacity (SWC), and four N application levels N0 (0 g穚lant-1), N1 (0.6 g穚lant-1), N2 (1.8 g穚lant-1), and N3 (3.6 g穚lant-1). The results were as follows: (1) W treatment had no significant effects on the coarse and fine root traits; (2) N treatment significantly affected the coarse root length, surface area, volume,
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： In order to assess the heavy metal pollution of soils and crops around a typical manganese mine tailing in north Guangxi, and to select suitable plant materials for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in this area,23 dominant plant species, their rhizosphere soil, and nine crop samples were collected. The concentrations of Cd, Mn, Cr, Pb and Zn of the samples were analyzed. The ecological risks of heavy metals in the soils and crops were evaluated using the single factor and comprehensive pollution index. The bioconcentration and translocation factors of the dominant plant species were calculated. Results showed that Cd and Mn were the dominant pollutants in the soils of the studied area. The values of single factor pollution index of Cd and Mn reached 18.53 and 147.09 respectively. The concentrations of Cd, Cr and Pb in crops such as Arachis hypogaea and Brassica chinensis exceeded the threshold values in the National Food Safety Standards (GB 2762-2017), which had great health risks. Among the 23 dominant plant species, the transport coefficients of Celosia argentea, Bidens pilosa, Emilia sonchifolia and Eremochloa ciliaris for several heavy metals were greater than 1, indicating that they have the characteristics of metal accumulating plants. The heavy metal concentrations in roots of Arisaema erubescens, Ricinus communis, and Senecio scandens were relatively higher, while their transport coefficients were relatively lower. This indicated that they are root hoarding plant. The metal concentrations in the shoots and roots of Crotalaria albida, Rottboellia exaltata, and Sonchus arvensis were relatively lower, while they kept healthy in the contaminated soil. This indicated that they are elusive plants. The soils in the studied area were seriously polluted by Cd and Mn. Celosia argentea is a potential plant material for the remediation of the co-contaminated soil.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Soil nitrogen (N) effectiveness is an important factor affecting soil microbial community structure and soil N cycling, however, little is known about the effect of adding N on soil N transformation and N functional gene (NFGs) expression in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation. In order to explore the effect of N addition on nitrogen transformation in Pinus sylvestris plantation and its mechanis, In this work, 2 years nitrogen addition of the Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in the Saihanba Melaleuca Forest Farm were added four different N levels of 0, 1, 5, and 10 gN m-2穣ear-1, which were designated with N0, N1, N5, and N10, and with the GeoChip 5.0 functional gene microarray system and the greenhouse soil culture method, the response of soil NFGs to N addition and its influence on N transformation processes were discussed. The results were as follows: (1) The N1 and N5 treatments significantly affect the ammonification (ureC, nirA, nrfA), nitrification (amoA) and denitrification (norB) and compared with the N0 treatment, N10 treatment reduces the expression of all NFGs. (2) Correlation analysis showed that the above promotion was significantly associated with soil organic carbon(SOC), nitrate nitrogen(NO3--N) and microbial biomass carbon(MBC), and N10 treatment significantly reduced the relative abundance of NFGs for all N transformation processes, and this negative effect was associated with a reduction in dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and MBC content. (3) Similar to the trend of nitrogen transformation gene abundance, N1 and N5 treatments significantly increased net N nitrification, net N mineralization and N2O emission rate, but the promotion of N10 was not significantly, and there was a threshold for the promotion of nitrogen conversion by nitrogen addition. (4) Furthermore, multiple regression analysis further showed that amoA-AOB and MBC were key factors affecting net N nitrification, ureC, nirK and MBC were key factors affecting net N mineralization, and narG and nirS were key factors affecting N2O emissions. In a nutshell, N addition can improve the promotion of N transformation and increase the relative abundance of some specific enzyme functional genes in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation, but there is a threshold value for N addition level, when 10 gN m-2穣ear-1 was applied, N transformation was inhibited, and 5gN m-2穣ear-1 was a better level to promote soil N transformation in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： The Lijiang River Basin covers great variation in altitude, soil and vegetation types. In order to study its soil nutrients and extracellular enzymes activities, we determined soil nutrient contents and activities of several extracellular enzymes (amylase, sucrose, urease, protease and catalase) of the surface soils (0-20 cm) of typical vegetation types (natural forest, bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) forest, Pinus massoniana forest, orchard and rice paddy field) with calcareous soils and acid soils in the Lijiang River Basin). The results were as follows: (1) The soils at high altitude had greater total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), available phosphorus (AP) contents as well as amylase, sucrose, urease and protease activities, whereas the catalase activity was to the contrary. (2) Compared to the acid soils, the calcareous soils had higher contents of total phosphorus (TP) and available phosphorus (AP). Among the acid soils, vegetation types had greater impact to soil nitrogen and phosphorus content. In general, anthropogenic vegetation resulted in decrease in nitrogen contents and increases in phosphorus content. The nutrients in the calcareous soils had relatively little variation among different vegetation covers. (3) Compared to the natural forest soils, soils from the anthropogenic vegetation had lower nitrogen related enzyme activities; whereas the carbon related enzyme activities was less impacted. The enzymatic stoichiometry revealed that soils of natural forests were nitrogen limited whereas those of anthropogenic vegetation was carbon limited. (4) The results of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that soil physiochemical properties in the first and second axes could explain 86.56% of the variation of soil enzyme activities with the contribution order of TN>pH>NH4+>AP>TP>NO3-, with the first three as the main impacts. All the above results indicate that acid soils in the Lijiang River Basin has great ecological sensitivity; vegetation changes easily resulted in nutrient imbalance, therefore, in order to improve the sustainable utility of landscape resources of the Lijiang River Basin, special attention should be paid to the conservation of soil nutrients and prevention of the loss of soil organic matter; and this study can provide theoretical base on the scientific conservation and development of local ecosystem.
Subjects: Biology >> Botany >> Applied botany submitted time 2022-04-29 Cooperative journals: 《广西植物》
Abstract： Guangxi Mulun National Nature Reserve is located in the crisscross zone of Dian-Qian-Gui flora and south China flora, also is the heartland of the transition zone about Palaeoarctic flora and Palaeotropical flora. It plays an irreplaceable role in biodiversity conservation areas of China. In order to understand the plant species diversity in Guangxi Mulun National Nature Reserve, the composition and characteristics of vascular plant diversity was studied based on historical literatures, field investigations, specimens collection and identification, and data statistical analysis. The results were as follows: (1) this Reserve had 1 735 species of vascular plants, including 218 species of Lycophytes and Ferns, 1 517 species of seed plants, with abundant vascular plant diversity and complex floristic composition. (2) this Reserve had 486 species endemic to China, 56 species endemic to Guangxi, and 262 species endemic to karst areas, with significant plant endemism. (3) this Reserve had 68 species of national key protected wild plants, 153 species of Guangxi key protected wild plants, 4 species of extremely small population wild plants in China, 108 threatened plants, and 144 plants listed in the appendix of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), with relative high degree of rare and endangered plants. Based on the results, Guangxi Mulun National Nature Reserve is an important gene bank of karst plants. It has extremely important conservation value. This study also provides important basic data for construction and management of this Reserve, protection and sustainable utilization of plants, and other scientific research works.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-04-26
Abstract：
The attentional boost effect (ABE) represents a phenomenon in which, in some dual tasks, increasing attention to a brief target in a detection task can enhance memory for unrelated items that are presented at the same time (relative to distractor-paired items). The ABE was different from the dual-task interference phenomenon found in previous studies, and to explain the ABE, Swallow and Jiang (2013) proposed a dual-task interaction model. This model claimed that the ABE was mainly triggered by the decision that an item is a target, which can lead to the transient but widespread perceptual enhancement of information by inducing a temporal selection mechanism. However, in ABE studies, the target detection tasks always coincide with Go responses that require action. One recent study found that action can enhance memory for unrelated items, which was called action-induced memory enhancement (AIME; Yebra et al., 2019). Therefore, it is unclear whether the ABE is induced by the action or the target decision. To address this question, in the present study, inspired by Makovski et al. (2013), the verbal paradigm of the ABE was modified (Mulligan et al., 2014) and designed with a NoGo-target detection condition (NoGo-targets vs. Go-distractors) to separate target items from action responses, and a traditional Go-target detection condition (Go-targets vs. NoGo-distractors) was used for comparison. If the ABE is mainly triggered by the target decision, then NoGo-target detection could trigger the cross-conditional ABE (relative to NoGo-distractor items). In contrast, if the ABE is mainly triggered by the action, the NoGo-target items will not have any memory advantage.
The present study included four experiments, and 137 valid data points were collected, including 33 valid data points in Experiment 1, 35 valid data points in Experiment 2, 36 valid data points in Experiment 3, and 33 valid data points in Experiment 4. The only difference among the four experiments was that the ratio of target-to-distractor items was different during the dual-task encoding phase. In Experiment 1, the ratio of target-to-distractor items was the same as that in the classic ABE verbal paradigm (1:5) to explore the role of AIME in the ABE. In Experiments 2 and 3, the ratio of target-to-distractor items was set to 1:1 and 1:2 to explore the role of the AIME and target decision in the ABE with different action frequencies. In Experiment 4, blank words (words without detection stimuli) were added in the detection phase to separate the action frequency (2/3) from the target frequency (relative to distractors; Go-targets: 4/5; NoGo-targets: 1/5) and verify the dynamic trade-off model of the target decision and action reaction proposed in the present study. Each experiment contained two conditions, namely, NoGo-target detection and Go-target detection, and each condition consisted of two phases, namely, a dual-task encoding phase and a recognition phase. During the dual-task encoding phase, a series of memory stimuli (words) and detection stimuli (coloured circles presented, 1 cm below the words) were presented at the same time, and the participants were asked to simultaneously perform the memory and detection tasks. During the recognition phase, only memory stimuli were presented, and the participants were required to judge the stimuli as old or new. The only difference between the NoGo-target condition and Go-target condition was reflected in the instructions for the detection task: in the Go-target condition, the participants were asked to press the space bar as quickly as possible when they saw the target circles (e.g., a red circle with Go-response) but did not need to respond when they saw other-coloured circles (i.e., distractor circles with NoGo-responses); in contrast, in the NoGo-target condition, the participants were required to press the space bar as quickly as possible for all circles (i.e., distractor circles with Go-responses) but withhold a button press for the target circle (e.g., a red circle with NoGo-response).
The results showed that NoGo-target detection enhanced memory performance for target items (relative to Go-distractor/NoGo-distractor items) in the four experiments. First, it was found that the NoGo-target items were better remembered than the Go-distractor items and NoGo-distractor items in Experiment 1 (1:5 ratio), and performance with the Go-distractor items was worse than that with the NoGo-distractor items, showing that the ABE was triggered by the target decision without an action response and that actions had inhibitory effects at high frequencies. Second, it was found that the NoGo-target items were better recognized than the NoGo-distractor items but not better than the Go-distractor items in Experiment 2 (1:1 ratio), and the AIME was found with the Go-distractor items, showing that the boosting effect from the target decision on background information is robust, but the AIME affected the generation of the ABE within the NoGo-target condition. Third, it was found that NoGo-target items were better remembered than Go-distractor items and NoGo-distractor items in Experiment 3 (1:2 ratio), and there was no difference in memory performance between the Go-distractor items and the NoGo-distractor items, indicating that action frequency affected the generation of the ABE by adjusting the AIME. Finally, it was found that at 2/3 of the action frequency, both the Go-target detection with high target frequency and the NoGo-target detection with low target frequency triggered the ABE, and the memory performance was similar between the Go-distractor items and the NoGo-distractor items, indicating again that action frequency affected the generation of the ABE by adjusting the AIME, verifying the hypothesis of the dynamic trade-off model.
Overall, the results of all four experiments found memory advantages with the NoGo-target items, but the generation of the ABE was affected by the frequency of action responses, indicating that the boosting effect from the target decision is robust in the ABE, and the action and the target decision work together in the generation of the ABE. Accordingly, we propose the dynamic trade-off model, arguing that the AIME at different frequencies dynamically trade-off against the boosting effect of target decisions and thus influence the ABE.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2022-04-26
Abstract：
Load forecasting can effectively balance the load at both ends of supply and demand. Statistical model and deep learning are two common ways of constructing forecasting methods, but few load forecasting methods are constructed from the perspective of explanation. In this paper, a deep smoothing factor model, termed as DeepES, is proposed based on the nonlinear fitting ability of deep neural network and the explicable property of exponential smoothing model. According to the experimental results using actual load series data, the DeepES model achieves the best prediction. Moreover, compared with the traditional RNNs network with a single factor as the network input, DeepES has a more accurate and better explanatory for load prediction.
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Personality Psychology submitted time 2022-04-25
Abstract：
Time personality refers to personality differences in time, mainly including types of temporal insight, temporal orientation, and procrastination. Time personality not only reflects people's different attitudes toward time, but also is one of the most important temporal factors that influence and predict intertemporal decision-making. Intertemporal decision-making requires people to weigh the costs and benefits of different time points. With the accelerated pace of society, short videos, academic work and life pressure have largely changed people's attitudes toward time. Therefore, when people make decisions across time, differences in attitudes toward time will influence the outcome of the decision. Most studies have found that time perspective, time orientation and procrastination can predict the outcome of individual intertemporal decision-making. Temporal insight and temporal orientation negatively predicted the outcome of intertemporal decision-making. Those who do not procrastinate are more likely to have long-term goal plans than those who procrastinate. Therefore, non-procrastinators will prefer smaller, immediate rewards. There are many explanations for these phenomena. (1) Perceived time based model (PTBM) suggests that individual perception of delay is a direct influence on intertemporal decision-making, but differences in time personality can cause changes in time perception and further influence the outcome of the decision. (2) Attentional resource theory (AST) suggests that attention is a psychological resource necessary to accomplish intertemporal decision-making tasks. The allocation of resources affects the degree of patience with which individuals view time, and therefore affects the outcome of the decision. (3) Temporal motivational theory (TMT) is used to explain why time personality evokes individuals' motivation to choose immediate or delayed rewards (4) Construal level theory (CLT) suggests that construct level is closely related to the clarity of an individual's anticipated decision scenario. The outcome of intertemporal decision-making depends on the differences in individual construct levels resulting from time personality. However, time personality will not accurately predict the outcome of intertemporal decision-making under all conditions. There are two reasons for this: (1) analytical processing and holistic processing are the two ways in which individuals obtain information for decision-making. People are bound to feel very vague when they anticipate the distant future compared to the present, when holistic processing may become the main mode of processing decision information. However, time personality at this time can enhance the level of analytical processing and make people's decisions more rational. This effect may be very weak if it occurs at shorter delay intervals. Therefore, the shorter the delay interval, the lower the validity of predicting intertemporal decisions by time personality. (2) The ventral medial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), a brain region shared by time personality and intertemporal decision-making, influences the degree of clarity of the expected decision scenarios. The clearer the presented decision scenario is, the stronger the activation of the vmPFC region is likely to be. At this point, the stronger the connection between time personality and intertemporal decision-making is likely to be. Therefore the more ambiguous the decision scenario is, the lower the validity of predicting intertemporal decision-making through time personality. In conclusion, time personality is one of the main factors in predicting intertemporal decision-making. However, we have to recognize the limitations of the role of time personality as a predictor. In the future, we need to clarify the psychological mechanism of its influence on intertemporal decision-making and propose a special theory to explain the role played by time personality.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2022-04-25
Abstract：认知控制的主要研究范式之一是任务切换。以往研究发现切换代价受到认知控制层级性的调节，但鲜有研究探索这一调节过程的动态神经机制。本研究通过嵌套的线索-任务切换范式考察不同层级任务切换代价的差异及其神经机制。在实验中，要求被试完成高低两种层级任务，低层级任务要求被试判断数字大小（或奇偶）；高层级任务则须先加工数字的某一语义特征（如当前数字是否是偶数），然后进行大小判断。行为结果表明，高层级任务切换代价显著大于低层级任务切换代价。线索锁时的脑电结果表明，层级效应最早出现于P2成分，切换效应（切换与重复之差）在CNV成分上受到任务层级的调控，反映了在任务目标重构阶段给予高层级任务更多的选择性注意以及更高的主动性控制。目标锁时的脑电结果表明，在N2及慢波（SP）成分上，高层级任务切换与重复的波幅差异相比低层级任务显著更大，反映了在抑制旧任务集与重构新反应集的过程中增强的反应性控制。这些结果为任务设置重构论和认知控制的层级性提供了新的证据。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2022-04-25
Abstract： [Purpose/Meaning] Tracing the history of China Scientific Information University founded in 1958, so as to provide more evidences of the university’s origin. [Method/Process] By retrieving the archives of some institutions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, interviewing the persons involved, and text and pictures, demonstrating the history of China Scientific Information University, and recording this precious piece of the history of information science education in China. [Result/Conclusion] China Scientific Information University which was the first to offer information science education in China, was founded by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, thus the history of Department of Library and Information，and Archive Management, UCAS can be traced to 1958.From 1958 to the present, after China Scientific Information University, the other two universities，also affiliated to the Chinese Academy of Sciences -- University of Science and Technology of China and University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, have continued to develop the library and information science education. "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Biology >> Biochemistry submitted time 2022-04-24
Abstract：
[Objective] To explore the effect of traditional Chinese medicine on the urine proteome of healthy rats.
[Methods] In this study, Intragastric administration rat models were established by two traditional Chinese medicines (Compound Danshen Dropping Pills and Huoxiangzhengqi Oral Liquid). Urine samples were collected from rats before and after intragastric administration. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to screen the urine differential proteins of rats before and after intragastric administration and analyze the biological pathway of differential proteins.
[Results] Urine proteome can reflect the changes before and after 14 days of intragastric administration of Compound Danshen Dropping Pills, and the biological pathways enriched by differential proteins are related to their mechanism of action in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, such as glycolysis, lipid metabolism.
[Conclusions] Urine proteomics can directly and systematically reflect the overall impact of traditional Chinese medicine on the body, and provides a new method to study the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Management Science >> Other Disciplines of Management Science submitted time 2022-04-22
Abstract：
"This paper formally proposes the new theoretical system of knowledge economics. Knowledge economics studies the law that knowledge creates economic value, and is a discipline that studies the effective use and allocation of resources and generates economic value on the basis of nearly infinite growth of data resources. Knowledge economics abandons the assumption of "limited resources" in traditional economics, and explores the laws of resource utilization, resource allocation, and resource creation on the basis of nearly unlimited data resources. Knowledge economics has its own research paradigm, research framework and corresponding basic problems. Based on the different perspectives of the status of data resources, knowledge economics covers the link economy stage, the digital economy stage and the knowledge economy stage. This paper also gives some specific examples, related methods and roles of knowledge-based economics corresponding to the research issues, making it clear that knowledge-based economy is the development direction of the economic system, and at the same time, it is given that the knowledge-based economy in finance is financial technology.
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Industrial Psychology submitted time 2022-04-22
Abstract：
In virtual reality (VR), rotating the head to select a moving target is common. A moving target involves two general directions, that is movement toward (chasing) or away (interception) from a user; thus, knowing the characteristics of the two movements is important when designing an efficient user interface.
In this study, 17 participants (7 males; mean age = 22.5 ± 2.5 years) were given an Oculus Rift helmet-mounted display to wear and instructed to complete a task in a VR environment. They were required to position a small opaque sphere (cursor) that appeared randomly on the left or right side of the visual field into a larger half-transparent moving sphere (target) on the other side of the visual field quickly and accurately by rotating their head. The target moved randomly toward or away from the cursor horizontally, which were both at the participants’ eye height, with a depth of 3 meters. The diameter of the cursor was fixed at 4°. The initial movement amplitude (A; distance between the center of the cursor and target; 20° and 40°), target tolerance (TT; size difference between the target and cursor; 4°, 6°, and 8°), and target’s moving velocity (V; 0.5 m/s, 1 m/s, 1.5 m/s, and 2 m/s) were varied. The cursor movement paths were recorded and divided into three phases: acceleration, deceleration, and correction.
Results showed that A and TT had a similar influence on the total movement time (MT) for both movements, and the total MT increased as A increased and TT decreased. Moreover, V had an inverse effect on the total MT for the two movements. A large V led to a long total MT for the chasing movement, whereas the total MT for the interception movement decreased as V increased. In addition, the interception movement showed a light U-shaped relationship between the total MT and V, with the lowest point at 1.5 m/s when A was 20°. The two movements were further compared in the three phases, and the MT outcome showed that only TT had the same effect on both movements. Specifically, in the acceleration phase, MT increased for the chasing movement but decreased for the interception movement as A decreased and V increased. In the deceleration phase, MT was positively related to A but negatively related to V for both movements. In the correction phase, the increasing V and reduced TT increased MT for both movements, and only the MT for the chasing movement was positively proportional to A. The MT difference between the two movements was observed in the acceleration and deceleration phases, whereas the MT for the two movements was indistinguishable in the correction phase. Based on the findings, a model was proposed to depict the relationship between the total MT and three factors, which fit the participants’ performance well.
This study showed that the chasing and intercepting movements had different characteristics. Selecting a receding target was more difficult than selecting an approaching target via head rotation, and A and V, but not TT, had a different impact on human performance for the two movements. The empirical findings suggested the importance of considering both movements separately when designing a user interface. The model provides a valid method for quantitatively evaluating the characteristics of moving targets.
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Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
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