Subjects: Biology >> Virology Subjects: Biology >> Biological Evolution Subjects: Biology >> Genetics submitted time 2020-02-21
Abstract： Background. The outbreak of COVID-19 started in mid-December 2019 in Wuhan, Central China. Up to February 18, 2020, SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 70,000 people in China, and another 25 countries across five continents. In this study, we used 93 complete genomes of SARS-CoV-2 from the GISAID EpiFluTM database to decode the evolution and human-to-human transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in the recent two months. Methods. Alignment of coding-regions was conducted haplotype analyses using DnaSP. Substitution sites were analyzed in codon. Evolutionary analysis of haplotypes used NETWORK. Population size changes were estimated using both DnaSP and Arlequin. Expansion date of population size was calculated based on the expansion parameter tau (τ) using the formula t=τ/2u. Findings. Eight coding-regions have 120 substitution sites, including 79 non-synonymous and 40 synonymous substitutions. Forty-two non-synonymous substitutions changed the biochemical property of amino acids. No evident combination was found. Fifty-eight haplotypes were classified as five groups, and 31 haplotypes were found in samples from both China and other countries, respectively. The rooted network suggested H13 and H35 to be ancestral haplotypes, and H1 (and its descendent haplotypes including all samples from the Hua Nan market) was derived H3 haplotype. Population size of SARS-CoV-2 were estimated to have a recent expansion on 6 January 2020, and an early expansion on 8 December 2019. Interpretation. Genomic variations of SARS-CoV-2 are still low in comparisons with published genomes of SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Phyloepidemiologic analyses indicated the SARS-CoV-2 source at the Hua Nan market should be imported from other places. The crowded market boosted SARS-CoV-2 rapid circulations in the market and spread it to the whole city in early December 2019. Furthermore, phyloepidemiologic approaches have recovered specific direction of human-to-human transmissions, and the import sources of international infectious cases.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2017-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《中国腐蚀与防护学报》
Abstract：采用高压下的静态挂片试验、腐蚀电位测定、电化学阻抗谱测定研究了静水压力及其交替变化对高强度船体结构钢10CrNi3MoV在3.5%NaCl 溶液中腐蚀行为的影响，结果表明：静水压力的增大，溶液中溶解氧浓度降低，腐蚀产物中Fe2O3减少，腐蚀电位变负，从而使试验用钢的腐蚀速率明显减小。在交变静水压力条件下，由于压力交变引起了腐蚀产物与金属间的相互作用及锈层结构的变化而促进了金属的腐蚀，且静水压力越大对腐蚀的促进作用越大。在本文的实验条件下，在4MPa-常压静水压力交变下，10CrNi3MoV钢的腐蚀速度约为常压时的3.5倍。
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2020-03-05
Xu, Xiaoling
Han, Mingfeng
Li, Tiantian
Sun, Wei
Wang, Dongsheng
Fu, Binqing
Zhou, Yonggang
Zheng, Xiaohu
Yang, Yun
Li, Xiuyong
Zhang, Xiaohua
Pan, Aijun
Wei, Haiming
Abstract： Background: In December 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified in Wuhan, China, which spread rapidly and has become a world-wide public health challenge. We aimed to assess the efficacy of tocilizumab in severe patients with Corona Virus Disease-19 (COVID-19) and seek a new therapeutic strategy. Methods: The patients diagnosed as severe or critical COVID-19 in The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China (Anhui Provincial Hospital) and Anhui Fuyang Second People’s Hospital were given tocilizumab in addition to routine therapy between February 5 and February 14, 2020. The changes of clinical manifestations, CT scan image, and laboratory examinations were retrospectively analyzed. Findings: Within a few days, the fever returned to normal and all other symptoms improved remarkably. Fifteen of the 20 patients (75.0%) had lowered their oxygen intake and one patient need no oxygen therapy. CT scans manifested that the lung lesion opacity absorbed in 19 patients (90.5%). The percentage of lymphocytes in peripheral blood, which decreased in 85.0% patients (17/20) before treatment (mean, 15.52 ± 8.89%), returned to normal in 52.6% patients (10/19) on the fifth day after treatment. Abnormally elevated C-reactive protein decreased significantly in 84.2% patients (16/19). No obvious adverse reactions were observed. Nineteen patients (90.5%) have been discharged on average 13.5 days after the treatment with tocilizumab and the rest are recovering well. Interpretation: Tocilizumab is an effective treatment in severe patients of COVID-19, which provided a new therapeutic strategy for this fatal infectious disease" "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Pharmacology submitted time 2020-02-23
Hua Li
Canrong Wu
Yueying Yang
Yang Liu
Peng Zhang
Yali Wang
Qiqi Wang
Yang Xu
Mingxue Li
Mengzhu Zheng
Lixia Chen
Abstract： A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infectious disease has broken out in Wuhan, Hubei Province since December 2019, and spread rapidly from Wuhan to other areas, which has been listed as an international concerning public health emergency. We compared the Spike proteins from four sources, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV and Bat-CoVRaTG13, and found that the SARS-CoV-2 virus sequence had redundant PRRA sequences. Through a series of analyses, we propose the reason why SARS-CoV-2is more infectious than other coronaviruses. And through structure based virtual ligand screening, we foundpotentialfurin inhibitors, which might be used in the treatment of new coronary pneumonia. " "
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Statistics in Psychology submitted time 2018-05-08
Abstract： Statistical inference plays a critical role in modern scientific research, however, the dominant method for statistical inference in science, null hypothesis significance testing (NHST), is often misunderstood and misused, which leads to unreproducible findings. To address this issue, researchers propose to adopt the Bayes factor as an alternative to NHST. The Bayes factor is a principled Bayesian tool for model selection and hypothesis testing, and can be interpreted as the strength for both the null hypothesis H0 and the alternative hypothesis H1 based on the current data. Compared to NHST, the Bayes factor has the following advantages: it quantifies the evidence that the data provide for both the H0 and the H1, it is not “violently biased” against H0, it allows one to monitor the evidence as the data accumulate, and it does not depend on sampling plans. Importantly, the recently developed open software JASP makes the calculation of Bayes factor accessible for most researchers in psychology, as we demonstrated for the t-test. Given these advantages, adopting the Bayes factor will improve psychological researchers’ statistical inferences. Nevertheless, to make the analysis more reproducible, researchers should keep their data analysis transparent and open.
Subjects: Biology >> Virology submitted time 2020-02-14
Abstract： Abstract: In 2019, the 2019 novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) has caused the pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan (a city of China). In our previous study, the analytical results showed that both 2019-nCoV and SARS coronavirus belongs to Betacoronavirus subgroup B (BB coronavirus), but have large differences. The most important finding was that the alternative translation of Nankai CDS could produce more than 17 putative proteins, which may be responsible for the host adaption. The genotyping of 13 viruses using the 17 putative proteins revealed the high mutation rate and diversity of betacoronavirus. The present study for the first time reported a very important mutation in the Spike (S) proteins of BB coronavirus. By this mutation, 2019-nCoV acquired a cleavage site for furin enzyme, which is not present in the S proteins of all other BB coronavirus (e.g. SARS coronavirus) except the Mouse Hepatitis coronavirus (MHV). This mutation may increase the efficiency of virus infection into cells, making 2019-nCoV has significantly stronger transmissibility than SARS coronavirus. Because of this mutation, the packing mechanism of the 2019-nCoV may be changed to being more similar to those of MHV, HIV, Ebola virus (EBoV) and some avian influenza viruses, other than those of all other BB coronavirus (e.g. SARS coronavirus) except the Mouse Hepatitis coronavirus (MHV). In addition, we unexpectedly found that some avian influenza viruses acquired a cleavage site for furin enzyme by mutation as 2019-nCoV. Further studies of this mutation will help to reveal the stronger transmissibility of 2019-nCoV and lay foundations for vaccine development and drug design of, but not limited to 2019-nCoV.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2017-05-20
Abstract：Decoding human brain activities via functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has gained increasing attention in recent years. While encouraging results have been reported in brain states classification tasks, reconstructing the details of human visual experience still remains difficult. Two main challenges that hinder the development of effective models are the perplexing fMRI measurement noise and the high dimensionality of limited data instances. Existing methods generally suffer from one or both of these issues and yield dissatisfactory results. In this paper, we tackle this problem by casting the reconstruction of visual stimulus as the Bayesian inference of missing view in a multiview latent variable model. Sharing a common latent representation, our joint generative model of external stimulus and brain response is not only ``deep" in extracting nonlinear features from visual images, but also powerful in capturing correlations among voxel activities of fMRI recordings. The nonlinearity and deep structure endow our model with strong representation ability, while the correlations of voxel activities are critical for suppressing noise and improving prediction. We devise an efficient variational Bayesian method to infer the latent variables and the model parameters. To further improve the reconstruction accuracy, the latent representations of testing instances are enforced to be close to that of their neighbours from the training set via posterior regularization. Experiments on three fMRI recording datasets demonstrate that our approach can more accurately reconstruct visual stimuli.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Legality Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2019-11-05
Abstract： Behavioral and neuroscientific methods have uniquely contributed to our understanding of human mind and behavior. The advance in neuroscience and its potential implications (e.g., in legal systems) have attracted attention from both academia and society. However, researchers found that, when providing statements supported by either neuroscientific or behavioral/psychophysiological results, even if these neuroscientific results were logically irrelevant to the statements, participants still considered statements with neuroscientific results as more trustworthy. This phenomenon was termed as neuroscience bias. By systematically reviewing empirical studies on neuroscience bias, we revealed that: (1) the reproducibility of neuroscience bias was debated, but the effect exists; (2) neuroscience bias could be attributed to people’s preference for the reductionism and psychological essentialism. Neuroscience bias is one of many biases people may have when interpreting scientific results; future studies should further explore the psychological mechanisms of these biases and thereby provide guidelines for correctly interpreting and using scientific results." " " " " " "
Subjects: Biology >> Molecular Biology submitted time 2016-06-16
Abstract： Iron-sulfur cluster proteins are a class of important mitochondrial functional proteins that play key roles in cellular energy metabolism, electron transport, substrate binding and activation, iron/sulfur storage, enzymatic reactions, and regulation of gene expression. Obstruction in the assembly and transport of iron-sulfur clusters will seriously affect the homeostasis of intracellular iron and the function of iron-sulfur proteins. Among them, IscA with a molecular weight of about 11-kDa is a highly conserved member of the iron-sulfur protein subfamily hesB. It can bind iron ions and [2Fe-2S] clusters, thereby participating in the synthesis of iron-sulfur cluster proteins, so it plays an important role in the iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein system. More noteworthy is that in 2015, Xie Can and Zhang Shengjia respectively The research group found that IscA1 has unique magnetic sensor (MagS) and magnetic receptor (MagR) functions. More importantly, it can regulate neural activity and behavioral localization by stimulating the expression of related magnetic genes through an external magnetic field. In view of the unique functions of magnetic receptors combined with related technologies, they are collectively referred to as magnetogenetics (magnetic genetics). This article briefly introduces the initial discovery and identification process of IscA protein, evolutionary conservation and its unique physiological and biological functions. , and condensed the mechanism regulation model of the magnetic genetic hypothesis.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Library Science submitted time 2016-03-14
Abstract： [Objective] To understand Chinese users' cognition and usage of the arXiv preprint platform, as well as their opinions and suggestions on the development of arXiv. [Methods] Based on a questionnaire survey of teachers, researchers and postgraduate groups in 9 domestic universities and scientific research institutions, the author obtained 510 survey data, and used SPSS and other analytical tools to analyze the survey data. [Results] The results show that the awareness of arXiv by Chinese researchers is not very high, but domestic researchers who are familiar with arXiv have realized that publishing papers on arXiv is an important means to occupy the first publishing rights of results and solicit peer opinions. [Limitations] The survey sampling is limited to member units of the China arXiv Service Working Group, and arXiv users of non-member units are not included. 【Conclusion】In order to allow arXiv to benefit more scientific research in my country, the China arXiv Service Working Group needs to take more active actions to accelerate the wider and in-depth application of arXiv in China.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2018-10-19 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] The social communication capability of think tanks is closely related to the country's soft power, and is an important part of building a world discourse system. As the most important part of China's think tank system, government think tanks should not only provide decision support for the party committee and the government, but also disseminate the essence of knowledge generated in the process of investigation, analysis, and problem solving to the society, so that people can share practical explorations. New ideas, new viewpoints, and new knowledge in China, improve the public's understanding of the party and government's decision-making, and enhance social cohesion. [Method/process] This paper analyzes the current situation and problems of social dissemination of government think tank achievements. [Result/Conclusion] Based on the practical experience of domestic and foreign think tanks, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the dissemination of the achievements of government think tanks, and believes that government think tanks should reflect the social responsibility of the party and the people's ideological highland.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2016-05-03
Abstract：深度学习是机器学习领域的一个新的研究方向，其核心思想在于模拟人脑的层级抽象结构，通过无监 督的方式从大规模数据（例如图像、声音和文本）中学习特征。近年来，深度学习在计算机视觉、语音识 别等研究领域取得的巨大成功使得研究者们对其寄予更多的关注。本文从深度学习的概念、发展历程、模 型、训练方法以及应用等几个方面对其进行概述，并对深度学习的未来发展做出展望。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2016-05-03
Abstract：近年来，迁移学习已经引起了广泛的关注。迁移学习是运用已存有的知识对不同但相关领域问题进行求解的新的一种机器学习方法。传统机器学习基于两个基本假设：(1) 用于学习的训练样本与新的测试样本满足独立同分布的条件；(2) 必须有足够可利用的训练样本才能学习得到一个好的分类模型。迁移学习降低了要求，目的是迁移已有的知识来解决目标领域中仅有少量或没有有标签样本数据时的学习问题。本文对迁移学习算法以及相关理论研究进展进行了综述，并介绍了我们在该领域所做的研究工作，特别是利用生成模型在概念层面建立迁移学习模型。最后指出了迁移学习下一步可能的研究方向。
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Computer Application Technology submitted time 2017-03-09
Abstract：
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Marine Sciences Subjects: Materials Science >> Materials Science (General) submitted time 2017-03-31 Cooperative journals: 《腐蚀科学与防护技术》
Abstract：采用失重分析、极化曲线测试和SEM分析手段，研究了模拟海洋大气环境下直流电场对碳钢初期腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明，直流电场的存在加速了碳钢的初期腐蚀速率，但并没有改变其腐蚀动力学；直流电场存在有利于具有亚稳片状结构的γ-FeOOH的形成，同时抑制了γ-FeOOH向具有保护性能的α-FeOOH的转化，从而导致锈层的保护性能下降，加速了碳钢的腐蚀。
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2018-10-19 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Think tanks research in the big data environment aims at collecting, processing, analyzing, and digging out the logical rules contained in the massive information effectively, and representing large amounts of irregular data by visualization methods, which is a hot topic of research on think tanks. [Method/process] This article started with analyzing the current research status of think tanks and the big data visualization at home and abroad, and related theories of think tanks research methods based on big data visualization were sorted out. The application and innovation of big data visualization methods in supporting think tanks research were analyzed, and CiteSpaceⅡ software was used to analyze the research status of think tanks research in China. [Result/conclusion] The results show that the research methods of think tanks in China were relatively simple at present, and big data visualization research has two features: multi-disciplinary and multi-industry. Think tanks research methods based on big data visualization have developed rapidly, including techniques of the massive data process, the visualization algorithm, the graphic visualization, the human-computer interaction, the distributed processing and so on, which can support the big data visualization analysis in think tanks research. The application of big data visualization analysis in think tanks research can help think tanks process data efficiently, make decisions scientifically and accurately, visualize complex graphics, simplify complex problems, enhance users’ interaction well, agglomerate and share resources, and enhance their role and influence in the application research of think tanks.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2018-10-19 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract： University think tank is an important type of think tank, and it is an important part of the new type of think tank with Chinese characteristics. Its construction and development is of great significance to the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. As a knowledge management research institution, the knowledge management level affects the development of think tanks, and knowledge management ability is the core of think tank competitiveness. In view of the current trend of selective management of university think tanks, the instability of organizational endogenous environment, the “indifferent” of individual participation in think tank research, and the “suspension” of think tank research results, this paper introduces the SECI model in knowledge management theory into problem analysis. It is found that the knowledge conversion rate is low in the commonalization stage and the outsourcing stage, and knowledge transformation has not yet been carried out in the jointization and internalization stage. The organizational environment of the commonalization stage and the presentation stage should be reshaped, and the integration of knowledge systems should be strengthened to provide the trainees with Projects, etc. promote knowledge accumulation, digestion and absorption in the linkage phase and internalization phase.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2018-10-19 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] The research talents of think tanks provide the core competitiveness of think tanks, and the organization and flow mode of research talents have an important influence on the development of talents' research ability. [Method/Process] This paper starts with the basic elements that affect the organization and flow of talents in think tanks, and draws three different modes of talent organization and flow. Through the case analysis of representative think tanks in 3 models, the advanced practices and the construction experience of foreign think tanks are summarized, and corresponding inspirations are obtained. [Result/conclusion] Think tanks should choose or integrate different talent organization and flow patterns according to their own development stage and other real situations, so as to maintain the research vitality and ability of think tanks.
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Utilization of Information submitted time 2019-06-27
Abstract： This paper expounds the value orientation and essential connotation of knowledge service in the new information and knowledge environment, and its significance to the transformation of university libraries. This paper analyzes the essential difference between knowledge service and ubiquitous subject service from the perspective of university libraries, and the barriers that university libraries should break through in terms of cognition, theory and practice in order to carry out knowledge services more deeply. It is pointed out that knowledge product is an important form of knowledge service, and the level of knowledge product is the direct embodiment of the library's core value and ability. In addition, this paper gives a clear and systematic explanation and description of the concepts, attributes, types and production principles of knowledge products from a theoretical point of view.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Library Science，Information Science >> Information Science submitted time 2018-10-19 Cooperative journals: 《智库理论与实践》
Abstract： [Purpose/significance] Chinese think tanks are an indispensable and important symbol of my country's modern civilization and social progress in the new era, and also an important part of the country's "soft power" and "discourse power" in the new era. To a certain extent, the study of related ceramic industry think tanks can promote the construction and development of the entire industry think tanks. [Method/process] Starting from the basic concept and construction background of ceramic industry think tanks, it analyzes and thinks about the existing problems in the development of ceramic industry think tanks, and takes ceramic industry think tanks as an example to systematically explain how to build an industry-based think tank with Chinese characteristics in the new era. . [Result/conclusion] The experience of building a think tank in the ceramic industry was initially summarized and explored, and in-depth thinking was put forward on the value, significance and contribution to social services of its think tank construction, which provided a scientific guide for the construction and development of China's industry think tanks.
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