Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2024-05-19
Abstract： In recent years, global concern has escalated over personal financial stress, impacting individuals both in their personal lives and at work. However, there remains a lack of comprehensive understanding of its effects on workplace outcomes, including the underlying reasons and conditions. This study presents a framework derived from a systematic review of existing research, delving into the spillover effects of financial stress on the workplace. It examines its manifestations, mechanisms, and the factors that exacerbate or alleviate its impact. Financial stress not only influences individual work-related attitudes, behaviors, performance, occupational outcomes, and work-family dynamics, but also impacts colleagues, teams, and organizational outputs. While it primarily has negative effects, it can also stimulate some positive behaviors. For individuals, its effects are channeled primarily through resource, cognitive, and motivational pathways, while for others, it operates via uncertainty management, compensation control, and emotional contagion. The impact varies depending on employee characteristics, job specifics, and the broader macroeconomic context. Future research should further differentiate between various spillover effects, broaden the research scope and methodologies, explore how stress can be transformed into motivation, and tailor studies to the socio-cultural context of Chinese society. These endeavors will advance our understanding of this issue and offer valuable guidance for management practices.
submitted time 2024-04-21
Abstract： brightness, full coherence, and high repetition frequency. For focusing high-repetition-rate hard X-rays, compound refractive lenses (CRLs) must withstand high heat loads, which can potentially lead to thermal damage issues. This study employed the finite element method (FEM) to analyze the thermal damage issues of high-repetition-rate CRL and optimized the allowed maximum X-ray repetition rate to reduce the thermal damage risk of the CRL. By optimizing the design, the maximum thermal tensile stress of the CRL was reduced from 1108 MPa to 74 MPa, a reduction by a factor of 15 had achieved, the occurrence of thermal damage issues were prevented.
Subjects: Other Disciplines >> Synthetic discipline submitted time 2023-10-09 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： Illegitimate tasks refer to tasks that are in violation of what employees feel can reasonably be expected from them. Illegitimate tasks can be differentiated into unreasonable and unnecessary tasks. To date, several empirical studies have revealed the negative effects of illegitimate tasks on employees, such as lower job satisfaction, poor psychological detachment from work, lower self-esteem, and stronger feelings of resentment. Given the detriments of illegitimate tasks, how should employees respond to them? Surprisingly, prior research has mainly focused on employees' negative responses, such as counterproductive work behaviour and turnover intention. Only one study has found that employees can respond to illegitimate tasks proactively (e.g., task crafting). Integrating these ongoing research streams, we propose a dual model of illegitimate tasks. In doing so, we provide a balanced perspective for understanding differentiated responses for illegitimate tasks.To explore how employees respond to illegitimate tasks, we draw on the approach-avoidance model to hypothesize the following: For employees who have a high level of approach tendency, illegitimate tasks facilitate their taking charge behaviours as a means of improving the work situation. Felt responsibility for constructive change accounted for the above moderating effect. In contrast, for employees who have a high level of avoidance tendency, illegitimate tasks cause their procrastination at work as a means of keeping away from such a situation. Work alienation accounted for the moderating effect.To test our theoretical model, we carried out an experiment. The experiment showed that approach tendency and illegitimate tasks positively interacted to facilitate taking charge behaviour and that avoidance tendency and illegitimate tasks positively interacted to facilitate work procrastination. In addition, we recruited a variety of full-time employees to participate in the survey. The final sample included 207 three-wave data. Regression analysis was used to test our hypotheses. The results not only replicated the interactive effects again but also revealed that felt responsibility for constructive change played a mediating role in the interaction between approach tendency and illegitimate tasks, while work alienation played a mediating role in the interaction between avoidance tendency and illegitimate tasks.Our findings demonstrate that approach-oriented employees respond to illegitimate tasks in a positive way, whereas avoidance-oriented employees respond to illegitimate tasks in a negative way. In addition, our findings advance the approach-avoidance model by applying this model on the field of illegitimate tasks. In practice, our research provides implications for managers to manage illegitimate tasks according to employees' psychological tendencies. If illegitimate tasks are unavoidable, organizations should pay more attention to promoting employees' approach tendency and felt responsibility for constructive change.
Subjects: Physics >> Nuclear Physics submitted time 2023-09-04 Cooperative journals: 《核技术》
Abstract： BackgroundTo date, various nuclides up to Z = 118 have been discovered and synthesized, raising the challenge of synthesizing nuclides with Z ≥ 119. Recently, the fusion-evaporation reactions
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Leadership behavior and HRM practices are two hot topics in the fields of organizational behavior and HRM. Previous studies usually focus on their effects separately, while recent studies show a trend to examine their effects spontaneously. With a systematic review of the latest empirical studies, we came out four types of relationship between leadership behavior and HRM practices as causal effect, joint effect, substitute and enhancing effect. Moreover, we also discussed the variable levels, outcomes attributes and social cultures in affecting the impact of the above four kinds of relationship. Finally, it figured out future directions as to further explore the relationship between a specific leadership behavior and a specific HRM practice; to construct an integrative framework; and to identify the boundary conditions in influencing their relationship.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Most previous studies have oversimplified the relationships among constructs. Researchers usually propose and test linear relations based on the assumption that “more is better”. Recently, along with the deepening of research, the perspective of too-much-of-a-good-thing effect (TMGT effect), i.e. the inverse U relation, has aroused more attention. By reviewing 44 research in organizational behavior field in recent five years, we identify four types of research topics, including positive feelings and thoughts at work, stable individual characteristics, characteristics of work and task, and group composition. We then identify two types of explanation mechanisms, which are summarized as “additive benefit and cost” and “interactive motivation and ability/opportunity”. In addition, we put forward that the moderation effect can be based on the change of single or dual mechanisms. We then discuss several suggestions for future research: (1) Diversify research topics and expand research levels; (2) Clarify the influencing mechanism behind TMGT effect; (3) Explore the threshold points based on the contextual factors; (4) Explicate the theoretical underpinnings of TMGT effect; (5) Improve sampling process and research design.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Sleep, as an important physiological process for human to recover and store physical strength and energy, has attracted extensive attention in the field of organizational behavior in recent years and become a popular research topic. Sleep quality is a complex concept that includes both quantitative components related to sleep and individual subjective evaluations of sleep. To date, researchers have found that individual characteristics (age, family and affective traits) and job characteristics (job demands, control and support) can effectively predict sleep quality, which in turn affects work safety, physical and mental health, attitude, job performance and ethical behavior. Ego depletion theory is the core theoretical mechanism to explain how sleep affects work attitude and behavior. Future studies could focus on the following aspects: from the interaction perspective between human and environments to explore the influencing factors of employee’ sleep, from the perspective of recovery experience to explore the boundary conditions of how sleep affects the work, and compare the differential effects of sleep quality and quantity.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Leader-follower fit, which plays a crucial role in facilitating a harmonious interaction in leader-follower dyads, has attracted considerable attention in the academic circle recently. Leader-follower fit refers to the compatibility between a leader and a follower that occurs when their characteristics are well matched. Generally, we could measure leader-follower fit using direct measurement approach and indirect measurement approach. To data, the existing research on leader-follower fit mainly focused on five perspectives, such as personality fit, cognition fit, psychological experience fit, work behavior fit, and relational factor fit. Psychological and interactive processes usually capture the mechanism through which leader-follower fit affects work outcomes. Moreover, personal and situational characteristics usually moderate the consequence of leader-follower fit. Future research could examine the consequence of leader-follower congruence in some indigenous psychological characteristics (e.g., traditionality and face consciousness) and explore some novel underlying or contingency mechanisms in the Chinese context.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Illegitimate tasks, as a new type of workplace stressor, has gradually become a frontier topic in organization and management research. Illegitimate tasks refer to the tasks that are inconsistent with employees' expected work scope and that are unnecessarily performed or not belong to someone, and they include unreasonable tasks and unnecessary tasks. This article introduces the concept and measurement of illegitimate tasks, and systemically reviews their influences on employees' emotion, cognition, motivation, work attitude, work behavior, physical and mental health, and work-family relationship. The review also indicates that the nature and magnitude of such influences depend on the characteristics of employees and situations where employees work. Stress-as-offense-to-self theory, justice theory, job demands-resources model, job characteristics model, affective event theory, and self-determination theory are primary explaining accounts for the influences. Future research is encouraged to expand the concept and level of illegitimate tasks, unpack and integrate the mechanisms underlining their influences, investigate their contingent effects, and identify antecedents of illegitimate tasks. Developing the research of illegitimate tasks in cultural context and cultural orientation is also needed.
Subjects: Psychology >> Developmental Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Customer-oriented deviant behaviors (CODB), refer to frontline employees’ behaviors aiming to service customers while breaking organizational rules and norms. CODB has received increasing attention and has become an emerging research topic in academia. By reviewing the literature, we found that CODB studies vary in its theoretical basis and evolution pattern across the organizational behavior domain and the service management domain. Four aspects of factors have been found to predict CODB, including employees’ individual differences, job characteristics, organizational context, and customer behaviors. CODB has shown a double-edged sword effect on both customer and employee outcomes and the organization as a whole. Future research should take a more comprehensive lens to advance CODB research, including clarifying its concept and measurement, exploring employees’ motives behind these behaviors, identifying how these behaviors are influenced by organizational policies and managerial behaviors, and examining both the benefits and costs of CODB and their associated boundary conditions.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-28 Cooperative journals: 《心理科学进展》
Abstract： Stressors are everywhere in the workplace. How do individuals respond to stressors? The cognitive appraisal theory of stress provides an integrated framework for explaining this question from the perspective of cognitive appraisal and coping. This theory has become the mainstream framework for describing individuals’ reactions to stressors during the past 40 years. However, because the theory did not provide the precise relationship among theoretical elements, empirical research applied the theory quite differently, resulting in various and even inadequate applications.We conduct this study to present the application and development of the cognitive appraisal theory of stress. 125 empirical studies in the field of managerial psychology were systematically reviewed to identify the scenarios, methods, and myths in applying the theory. The results showed that, (1) The cognitive appraisal theory of stress explains “what is cognitive appraisal?” “what factors influence cognitive appraisal?” “how individuals cope with stressors?” and “what are the consequences of stressors?”. Questionnaires are often used to collect data of theoretical elements. (2) The cognitive appraisal theory of stress can explain the impacts of six categories of stressors (physical stressors, task-related stressors, role stressors, social stressors, career-related stressors, and traumatic events) on employees’ work attitude, behavior, health, and work-family relationship. (3) The application of this theory can be considered from aspects of primary appraisal, secondary appraisal, and coping. There are two perspectives to analyze the application of primary appraisal - outcome-perspective and process-perspective. Both individual and situational factors can affect individuals’ primary appraisals of stressors. Secondary appraisal involves individuals’ appraisal of their own coping potential, and its influencing factors can be divided into individual and situational aspects, too. Coping refers to individuals’ cognitive and behavioral efforts to manage internal or external demands exceed their own resources, which contains problem-focused and emotion-focused forms of coping. (4) There are myths in using this theory among existing empirical research. For example, some studies hold the views that stressors always lead to negative consequences, certain stressors lead to certain cognitive appraisals, certain cognitive appraisals lead to certain coping styles, and problem-focused forms of coping are more effective than emotion-focused forms of coping.This study has several significant implications. First, we present the core ideas of the cognitive appraisal theory of stress and the measurements of theoretical elements. More importantly, we clarify some controversies about this theory, which contributes to the correct application and future development of the theory. Second, we integrate the application scenes and methods of the theory in managerial psychology research. By doing so, we broaden current understandings of this theory and then, shed light on theoretical application. Third, the myths about theoretical application are clarified. Based on this, we provide some suggestions for future research in applying this theory, which are beneficial to theoretical development and further applications. Moreover, it is important for future research to optimize the measurement of the core theoretical construct, expand the application scenarios of the theory, and enrich the influencing factors of the cognitive evaluation process.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2023-03-27 Cooperative journals: 《心理学报》
Abstract： In recent years, a novel research topic, implicit followership theories, has infused the organizational behavior literature with new vitality. Implicit followership theories refer to the pre-existing personal assumptions about the traits that characterize a follower. Based on the valence of assumed follower traits, implicit followership theories are classified into two types, namely followership prototype and anti-prototype. In the leader-follower interaction process, leaders’ followership prototypes can usually be activated, which in turn may compete with the followers’ actual trait. In line with the results of implicit prototype-actual trait comparison, leaders will identify the ideal followers. According to the traditional viewpoints on implicit followership theories, prototypic followers whose actual traits match their leaders’ followership prototype may experience a high level of well-being in the workplace. However, some scholars recently point out the potential dark side of being a prototypic follower, namely, the suffering of psychological fatigue. Based on the job demand-resource model, the present study aimed to reconcile the contradictory viewpoints mentioned above by proposing a dual process model wherein the congruence between leaders’ followership prototype and followers’ followership trait migh have a paradoxical effect on followers’ well-being. Specifically, the present study hypothesized that beyond an enabling process of followership prototype-trait congruence (represented by the positive mediating effect of self-efficacy), there would be a burdening process (represented by the negative mediating effect of workload). To test our hypotheses, the current study conducted a multi-wave, multi-resource survey. At Time 1, we sent surveys to 204 voluntary leader-follower dyads, requiring leaders and followers to report their followership prototype and demography information. We obtained 171 surveys with effective responses. About two months later, we conducted the Time 2 survey, requiring leaders to rate their perceived workload of the focal followers and requiring followers to rate their self-efficacy, emotional exhaust, affective organizational commitment and job satisfaction. Eventually, we obtained 132 effective respondents. Based on the two-wave data, we conducted path analysis using Mplus 7.0. The results overall supported the contrasting notions, suggesting that followership prototype-trait match could enhance followers’ self-efficacy and consequently well-being (i.e., high job satisfaction), while at the same time increased followers’ workload, which in turn diminished followers’ well-being (i.e., high emotional exhaust, low job satisfaction and affective commitment). These findings not only advance our understanding of the relationship between implicit followership theories and well-being, but also provide further inspiration for managerial practice.
Subjects: Mechanics >> Applied Mechanics submitted time 2023-03-20 Cooperative journals: 《应用力学学报》
Abstract： Based on the experimental results of the parameters related to the energy expenditure of back-pack weight-bearing walking, this paper establishes a mathematical model to calculate energy consump-tion , verifies the correctness of its model , and discusses the effect of backpack weight-bearing parameterson the energy expenditure of human walking. A dual-mass-spring model ,similar to the human body back-pack weight-bearing walking model , was used to construct the model kinematic equation.Results show thatwhen the natural frequency of elastic backpack is lower than the walking resonance frequency , energy ex-penditure is significantly reduced.The energy expenditure of the elastic backpack increases near the reso-nance frequency of the human body and is more significant at a higher speed or greater weight-bearing.The calculated results of the net mechanical work model of the vertical displacement ,phase dfference anddifferent backpack parameters of the human body are basically consistent with the experimental results. Appropriate elastic backpack can effectively reduce energy expenditure during damping , heavy load andrapid walking.'The calculation of backpack weight-bearing walking energy consumption by double mass-spring model is basically consistent with the experimental results, indicating that the modelig method ofthis model is reasonable and can be used to predict energy expenditure of human body backpack weight-bearing walking.
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2020-04-29
Abstract： "
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2019-05-10 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： Aiming at the contradiction between improving the embedded quantity and enhancing the robustness in the information hiding algorithm, this paper proposed a multi-carrier information hiding algorithm. The algorithm used multiple facial expression images as vectors, and applied local binary pattern (LBP) texture features to recognize facial expression regions to embed encrypted information. Calculating the adjacent pixel difference matrix of the carrier region, and constructing the embedded space by shifting the histogram of the corresponding element of the difference matrix , in order to realize the reversible concealment of the encrypted information and the lossless recovery of the carrier images. Algorithm analysis proves that it has greater embedding capacity and maintains higher robustness than existing algorithms. Its largest embedded capacity reaches 0.561 at same time the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) is 38.421dB. And the value of embedded region PSNR in the paper. reaches 46.286. The robustness experiments show that the proposed algorithm may have a similarity greater than 99% to the original information image for the filtering attack. In the face of shear and translation attacks, the minimum image normalization coefficient (NC) is 0.743 and 0.728, which is much larger than other algorithms. From the comparison experimental results with other algorithms, the proposed algorithm is effective.
Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2019-02-28
Abstract： Previous leadership research has primarily concentrated on the bright side of positive leadership styles, while paying less attention to their possible dark side. Although the recent years have witnessed an increasing number of these inquiries, there is still a lack of a clear understanding of the dark side of positive leadership. A review of 41 empirical journal articles illustrates the scientific status of this research area. In general, research has illustrated the dark side of behavior-oriented leadership (i.e., transformational, ethical, empowering, inclusive, and benevolent leadership) as well as relationship-oriented leadership (i.e., leader-member exchange) in terms of their negative effects on leaders, followers, and teams. Besides the research that solely examined the negative effect, there is a body of research that investigated the double-edged sword effects and nonlinear effect of positive leadership. Social identity theory, social exchange theory, psychoanalysis theory, social information processing theory, and resource-based theories were primarily used to account for the dark side of positive leadership. Future research should develop an integrated theoretical framework underlying the dark side of positive leadership, extend existing literature by examining the dark side of other leadership styles, and identify the boundary conditions that alleviate these dark side effects. Group differences (e.g., cultures, generation, and gender) should also be considered as boundary conditions of the dark side of positive leadership.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-12-13 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： Aiming at the shortcomings of the traditional 3D model information hiding technology, a novel algorithm based on obj 3D model redundant texture is proposed. First, the feasibility of the texture mapping rule of the orthogonal projection to perform the patch map was verified. Second, the model quaternion wavelet transform space with surface color attributes was constructed, and the key information to be transmitted for encryption was selected. Last, the secret message was embedded into the robust transform space to generate the stego obj model, and the texture and state information was saved into MTL. Additionally, the encrypted model file encryption process was performed by RSA programming means. Simulation experiments show that the proposed algorithm has strong anti-attack capability in special rendering environment compared with 3D model watermarking and steganography without surface mapping properties.
Subjects: Computer Science >> Integration Theory of Computer Science submitted time 2018-08-13 Cooperative journals: 《计算机应用研究》
Abstract： Aiming at inferior anti-analysis of current information hiding algorithm, this paper proposed a zero-low-frequency information hiding algorithm based on local BRISK feature. . First, it carried out first-order CL multi-wavelet transform for carrier image. then extracted BRISK feature points in the low-frequency LL2 to generate an image feature matrix; Second, Using zig-zag scrambling and logistic chaos scrambling for the secret image to decorrelate; Again, associated the image feature with the encrypted information to form an association sequence by comparing feature values; Last, it would embed association sequence into lower three bits of high-frequency HL2 and HH2. The association information constructed by eigenmatrix of high energy region and encrypted information of two times was hidden in the high frequency region, which was beneficial to the robustness and anti-analysis of algorithm. Under the analysis of high-order statistics on 200 pictures, the maximum detection rate was less than 7.516%, which indicates that the proposed algorithm has good anti-analysis ability.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2018-01-25 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To investigate the optimal starvation conditions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and establish a highly efficient and stable method for separating HUVECs. Methods HUVECs harvested from human umbilical cords by digestion with 0.1% collagenase II for 15 min were cultured in endothelial culture medium (ECM) containing 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS), 1% endothelial cell growth factor (ECGS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin solution(P/S) at 37℃in 5% CO2. Thecellswereobservedforcellmorphologyunderaninvertedmicroscopeandidentifiedwithimmunofluorescenceassay.The purity of HUVECs was detected using flow cytometry (FCM). The cell cycles of HUVECs cultured in the presence of 0, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1% FBS for 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 h were analyzed with flow cytometry. Results The purity of HUVECs harvested by digestion with 0.1% collagenase II reached 99.67%. The primary HUVECs showed a cobblestone or volute appearance in vitro. Immunocytochemistry showed that HUVECs highly expressed VIII-related antigen. Cell culture in the presence of different concentrations of FBS for 6 h resulted in 70% G0/G1 phase cells, which increased to 80%-90% at 12 h of cell culture, and further to around 95% at 18 and 24 h. Conclusion Digestion with 0.1% collagenase II can obtain high-purity primary HUVECs. CulturingHUVECsinserum-freemediumfor12hcanresultinahighpurity(over80%)ofG0/G1 phasecells.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preclinical Medicine submitted time 2017-12-27 Cooperative journals: 《南方医科大学学报》
Abstract： Objective To observe the effect of rapid eye movement sleep deprivation (REMSD) for 5 days on depressive-like behavior and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) expression in the amygdale of mice. Methods Adult male C57BL/6J mice were divided into blank control group, control group and REMSD group. REMSD models were established by a modified multiple small platform method. The mice were examined for locomotive activity in open field test (OFT) and for depressive-like behavior in forced swimming test (FST) and sucrose preference test (SPT) after treatment. After all the tests, the protein and mRNA expressions of MAOA in the amygdala were detected with Western blotting and real-time PCR, respectively. Results REMSD for 5 days significantly impaired the locomotive activity of the mice, which was obvious in 1 to 3 days after REMSD. The locomotive activity became normal on day 4 after the 5-day REMSD. The immobility time of the mice was lengthened in days 7 to 14 (P<0.01), and sucrose preference rate was reduced significantly in days 8 and 9 (P<0.01). The expression level of MAOA in the amygdala was increased significantly after the 5-day REMSD (P<0.01). Conclusion REMSD for 5 days causes delayed depressive-like behavior in mice possible in relation with the increased expression of MAOA in the amygdale.
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