Subjects: Psychology >> Management Psychology submitted time 2024-05-22
Abstract： As data science and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies gain increasing attention in the field of human decision making, human-AI collaborative decision making has gradually become the mainstream approach to organizational decision making. This approach effectively integrates experience-centered supportive decision making with data-centered automated decision making. Existing research has mainly focused on the effects of AI in individual decision making and related influencing factors, largely neglecting the discussion of AI assistance in group decision making. Therefore, this paper aims to explore the effectiveness of AI assistance in group decision making. Based on a review of existing research related to AI-assisted decision making and group decision making, this paper describes how AI engagement affects the consensus level, confidence level, and accuracy of group decision making. In this paper, we explored the effect of AI assistance in group decision making mainly through mathematical modeling, numerical simulation, and a behavioral experiment. First, we used mathematical modeling to portray the mathematical forms of individual cognition, AI cognition, social influence, and AI influence in group decision making. We proposed three measurement expressions for group decision making performance. Then, through comparison and simulation analysis, we observed the changes in group decision making performance under AI assistance. Finally, we designed a behavioral experiment to collect responses from 120 participants (divided into 10 groups) responding to six questions. We completed four rounds of responses for each question by feeding group information and AI predictions. By analyzing the answers of these groups, we tested our research conjecture. The main results of this paper are as follows. First, compared with no AI assistance, group decision making with AI assistance significantly enhances the consensus level, confidence level and accuracy of group decision. Second, the enhancement effect of AI assistance on consensus level is time-sensitive, while the enhancement on confidence level has a delayed effect. Third, the earlier appearance of AI assistance has a more significant effect on enhancing group confidence. The main theoretical contributions of this paper are as follows. First, this paper extends the research field of AI-assisted decision making. Specifically, we focus on the effect of AI intervention in group decision making. Second, this paper enriches the understanding of information diversity in group decision making, and makes the first attempt to integrate the collision of human and machine intelligence. Finally, this paper synthesizes the dimensions of group decision making performance, and comprehensively examines the effects of AI-assisted group decision making from the perspectives of consensus, information, and accuracy. Our findings provide new insights for the frameworks of organizational group decision making, which have practical implications for building AI-enhanced group decision making processes.
Peer Review Status:
Awaiting Review
Subjects: Mathematics >> Statistics and Probability Subjects: Statistics >> Mathematical Statistics Subjects: Information Science and Systems Science >> Basic Disciplines of Information Science and Systems Science submitted time 2024-05-22
Abstract： Statistical independence is a core concept in statistics and machine learning. Representing and measuring independence are of fundamental importance in related fields. Copula theory provides the tool for representing statistical independence, while Copula Entropy (CE) presents the tool for measuring statistical independence. This paper first introduces the theory of CE, including its definition, theorem, properties, and estimation method. The theoretical applications of CE to structure learning, association discovery, variable selection, causal discovery, system identification, time lag estimation, domain adaptation, multivariate normality test, two-sample test, and change point detection are reviewed. The relationships between the theoretical applications and their connection to correlation and causality are discussed. The frameworks based on CE, the kernel method, and distance correlation for measuring statistical independence and conditional independence are compared. The advantage of CE based on methods over the other comparable methods is evaluated with simulated and real data. The applications of CE in theoretical physics, astrophysics, geophysics, theoretical chemistry, cheminformatics, materials science, hydrology, climatology, meteorology, environmental science, ecology, animal morphology, agronomy, cognitive neuroscience, motor neuroscience, computational neuroscience, psychology, system biology, bioinformatics, clinical diagnostics, geriatrics, psychiatry, public health, economics, management, sociology, pedagogy, computational linguistics, mass media, law, political science, military science, informatics, energy, food engineering, architecture, civil engineering, transportation, manufacturing, reliability, metallurgy, chemical engineering, aeronautics and astronautics, weapon, automobile, electronics, communication, high performance computing, cybersecurity, remote sensing, ocean, and finance are briefly introduced.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Radiation Physics and Technology submitted time 2024-05-22
Abstract： Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms were used to predict the apparent diffusion coefficient of Se(IV) in compacted bentonite. Seven instances of Se(IV) were measured using through-diffusion method. LightGBM (R2 = 0.98 and RMSE = 0.025) exhibited superior predictive accuracy with a training dataset consisting of 956 instances and eight input features from Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA-DDB). Shapley Additive Explanation and Partial Dependence Plots analyses revealed valuable insights into the diffusion mechanism of adsorbed anion obtained by evaluating the relationships between the apparent diffusion coefficient and the dependency of each input feature.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Information Science and Systems Science >> Basic Disciplines of Information Science and Systems Science Subjects: Physics >> Electromagnetism, Optics, Acoustics, Heat Transfer, Classical Mechanics, and Fluid Dynamics Subjects: Astronomy >> Astrophysical processes submitted time 2024-05-22
Abstract： The electromagnetic fields of point sources with time varying charges moving in the vacuum are derived using the Liénard-Wiechert potentials. The properties of the propagation velocities and the Doppler effect are discussed based on their far fields. The results show that the velocity of the electromagnetic waves and the velocity of the sources cannot be added like vectors; the velocity of electromagnetic waves of moving sources are anisotropic in the vacuum; the transverse Doppler shift is intrinsically included in the fields of the moving sources and is not a pure relativity effect caused by time dilation. Since the fields are rigorous solutions of the Maxwell’s equations, the findings can help us to abort the long-standing misinterpretations concerning about the classic mechanics and the classic electromagnetic theory. Although it may violate the theory of the special relativity, we show mathematically that, when the sources move faster than the light in the vacuum, the electromagnetic barriers and the electromagnetic shock waves can be clearly predicted using the exact solutions. Since they cannot be detected by observers in the region outside their shock wave zones, an intuitive and reasonable hypothesis can be made that the superluminal sources may be considered as a kind of electromagnetic blackholes.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
submitted time 2024-05-22 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Knee injuries are common military training injuries，which seriously affect the train， combat effectiveness. Ultrasound therapy and Qingpeng ointment are commonly used to treat sports training injuries. However， the protective effectiveness of Ultrasound combined with the external use of Qingpeng ointment for Knee injury in sports training injury patients is less reported. Objective To comprehensively assess the clinical efficacy of Qingpeng ointment combined with ultrasound therapy in the treatment of knee injuries caused by military training. Methods Fifty-six patients with knee injuries were selected from 2022-05 to 2022-07 in the Fifth Pentry Outpatient Clinic，the General Hospital of Western Theater Command PLA，and randomly divided into a control group and an intervention group. The control group received ultrasound therapy with an ordinary coupling agent，and the intervention group received ultrasound therapy combined with Qingpeng ointment. The Lysholm knee joint score，VAS score，Hamilton Depression Scale-17（HAMD-17），and knee range of motion were compared between the two groups after a twenty-minute intervention. Results Two groups had no significant differences in demographics（P>0.05）. Compared with the control group，the knee passive range of motion in the intervention group was significantly greater（P<0.05）. The HAMD-17 score decreased in the intervention group，while there was no change in the control group. The Lysholm knee joint score and VAS score were no significant differences between the two groups（P<0.05）. Conclusion Qingpeng ointment combined with ultrasound therapy and ultrasound therapy with ordinary coupling agents can significantly improve knee joint function，reduce pain in patients with knee injuries. As a special coupling agent for ultrasound therapy，Qingpeng ointment has certain advantages over ordinary coupling agents.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Clinical Medicine submitted time 2024-05-22 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Previous studies have confirmed that screen exposure is widespread in preschool children and is related to children's emotional and behavioral problems. Most of the existing studies focus on normal preschool children， but the research on screen exposure and emotional and behavioral problems of preschool autistic children is relatively rare. Objective To investigate the screen exposure and the abnormal detection of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children with autism，and to explore the association between screen exposure and emotional and behavioral problems in preschool children with autism. Methods Preschool children with autism who met the diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders（DSM-V）autism diagnostic criteria and visited the Department of Child Development and Behavior of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from February to August 2022 were selected as the autism group. At the same time， children with normal development in kindergartners in Zhengzhou were selected as the normal control group. The screen exposure questionnaire and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire（parent version）were completed by the main caregivers of the children in the two groups. Results There were significant differences between the two groups in terms of screen time，parents' response to screen management，and screen deprivation （P<0.001）. Compared with the control group，the children in the two groups had significantly higher detection rates of prosocial behavior，total difficulties，and sub-dimensions（emotional symptoms，conduct problems，hyperactivity/inattention problems，and peer problems） （P<0.001）. Logistic regression showed that the influencing factors of emotional and behavioral problems in preschool ASD children included placing electronic devices in the sleeping or playing space，whether caregivers interacted with each other during watching，caregivers' attitudes toward children's electronic screen watching，whether they were active or passive participants in touching electronic screens，and children's reactions to forced turning off electronic screens（P<0.05）. Conclusion Screen exposure can affect the emotional and behavioral problems of preschool children with autism. Parents should rationally plan screen use for preschool children with autism.
Subjects: Psychology >> Cognitive Psychology submitted time 2024-05-21
Abstract： Over the past decade, there has been a growing trend in investigating sensory processing during human locomotion. However, questions related to multisensory processing while walking remain numerous and not yet well explored. In this theoretical research, we provide a general review of the progress made in human walking-related cognition research based on the development of Mobile EEG, while highlight the lack of focus on multisensory processing. Additionally, we present some interesting findings from animal models related to multisensory processing during locomotion, which contributes to the motivation of a systematic investigation into multisensory processing. Finally, we propose several interesting and practical research questions that future studies should address to gain a better understanding of human cognition.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Nuclear Science and Technology >> Nuclear Detection Technology and Nuclear Electronics submitted time 2024-05-21
Abstract： The cooling storage ring (CSR) external-target experiment (CEE) is a spectrometer used in construction to study the properties of nuclear matter in high-baryon density regions at the Heavy-Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL). This study presents the design, simulation, manufacturing, and testing of a half-size prototype of a multi-wire drift chamber (MWDC) for the CEE. First, the performance of the MWDC connected to home-made electronics was simulated. The results demonstrated that an energy resolution of 18.5% for 5.9-keV X-rays and a position resolution of 194 um for protons can be achieved by the current design. Because the size of the largest MWDC reached 176 × 314 cm, a set of 98 × 98 cm prototypes was built using the new techniques. The positioning accuracy of the anode wires in this prototype exceeded 20 um. After optimization using commercially available electronic devices, the prototype achieved an energy resolution of 19.7% for a 55Fe X-ray source. The CEE-MWDC detector and electronics were simultaneously tested. An energy resolution of 22% was achieved for the 55Fe source; the track residuals were approximately 330 um for the cosmic rays. The results demonstrate that the current design and techniques meet the requirements of the CEE-MWDC array.
Subjects: Psychology >> Social Psychology submitted time 2024-05-21
Abstract： Individual’s attitudes towards intimate partner violence (IPV) can significantly predict one’s IPV related behaviour, which will be reflected not only in the perpetrator or victim, but also in the willingness and response of third parties to intervene. By introducing attitudes into the field of IPV, we were able to convert the question of the causes of IPV into a question of the causes of IPV attitudes, breaking through the original research limitations. From the perspectives of social learning theory and feminist theory, IPV attitudes connect two explanatory paths: IPV-related social learning experiences/patriarchal ideology – IPV Attitudes - IPV. Future research could benefit from combining the unique perspectives - social learning theory’s emphasis on causal processes and feminist theory’s emphasis on causal roots - to incorporate both protective and risk factors, from the individual level to the group level, and to develop a multivariate interacting explanatory model of IPV attitudes.
Subjects: Medicine, Pharmacy >> Preventive Medicine and Hygienics submitted time 2024-05-21 Cooperative journals: 《中国全科医学》
Abstract： Background Pharmacotherapy is the cornerstone of primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases（ASCVD），but the values and preferences of community patients for pharmacotherapy remain unclear. Objective To understand the values and preferences surrounding pharmacotherapy among community patients at risk of or undergoing treatment for ASCVD，which would help clarify the individualized treatment burden and provide patient centered clinical practice. Methods This study employed a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design. Firstly，we recruited eligible patients in West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Yulin Community Health Service Center in Wuhou District，Chengdu City from November 2021 to January 2022. for a focus group discussion，aiming to collect qualitative insights into their experience，values，and preferences for medication use. The software MAXQDA 2020 was used to support qualitative data analysis，and Colaizzi's seven-step approach was further used to identify themes. After completing the qualitative phase，a questionnaire was designed based on the emergent themes to further quantitatively analyze the values and preferences regarding pharmacotherapy. Results Four themes emerged from the qualitative data，including knowledge and use of medications，barriers of medication use，facilitators of medication use，and need for medical services. A total of 186 valid questionnaires were collected in the quantitative study（response rate of 93.5%）. The quantitative data showed a commonality in missed dose and confirmed the existence of social stigma and treatment burden in this group of participants. Although preferences in medication use were highly heterogeneous，participants generally preferred taking fewer medications with less frequency，and were less likely to use injectable medications. Conclusion The study suggests that it may be appropriate to increase the use of compound preparations，and make treatment plans in accordance with patients' daily lives and work to reduce the treatment burden of pharmacotherapy. In addition，we should be active in managing the misconceptions and improper practices in pharmacotherapy in order to improve patients' medication adherence.
Subjects: Psychology >> Other Disciplines of Psychology submitted time 2024-05-21
Abstract： Judgments of learning (JOLs) refer to learners’ subjective predictions of whether they can successfully extract what they have learned on future tests. Face memory is an important foundation for acquiring information during social interactions and ensuring that social activities are carried out properly. Emotion and attractiveness are two important cues that influence JOLs of face memory. In reality, emotion and attractiveness often appear simultaneously in the same face. However, previous studies have only examined the effects of the two cues on JOLs individually, and have not deeply explored the effects of the integration of the two cues on the accuracy of JOLs and their mechanisms./t/nThe present study first explored the proportion of the number of emotional and attractive cue integrators. Then, we increased the gradient of each level of the attractiveness cue in Experiment 1, and utilized a mixed experimental design of 2 (group: cue-integrated group, non-cue-integrated group) × 3 (emotional cue: high-intensity, medium-intensity, and low-intensity) × 3 (attractiveness cue: high-intensity, medium-intensity, and low-intensity) to explore whether the cue-integration could improve face memory and the accuracy of JOLs. In Experiment 2, in order to further improve the sensitivity of the subjects to the two cues, the mixed experimental design was changed to 2 (group: cue-integration group, non-cue-integration group) × 2 (emotional cues: high intensity, low intensity) × 2 (attraction cues: high intensity, low intensity), and the EEG was used to investigate the temporal characteristics of cue-integration in promoting the accuracy of JOLs./t/nFindings: (1) Subjects integrated both emotion and attraction cues for JOLs ratings(the pre-experiment). (2) Integrating emotional and attractiveness cues improved the accuracy of JOLs (Experiment 1). (3) The group that integrated cues had a higher amplitude of late positive waves (LPP) in the parietal region during the encoding stage and late negative waves (NSW) in the frontal region during the JOLs stage compared to the group that did not integrate cues. Additionally, the amplitudes of NSW and LPP in the cue-integrated group were significantly correlated with the accuracy of JOLs(Experiment 2). The study found that individuals who integrated emotion and attractiveness cues during the encoding stage were better able to allocate cognitive resources for cognitive assessment and retain information in the JOLs stage. This led to more accurate monitoring of their own face memory. The study suggests that integrating two cues can improve cognitive performance./t/nThis study offers a foundation for individuals to comprehend the impact of cue integration on memory and metamemory in real-world face learning scenarios. It also aids in the development of effective learning plans and strategies, as well as precise monitoring of the learning process.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Psychology >> Medical Psychology Subjects: Psychology >> Physiological Psychology submitted time 2024-05-20
Abstract： Compulsion stands as a central symptom of drug addiction; however, only a small fraction of drug users exhibit compulsive characteristics. Differences observed in Sign-trackers (ST) and Goal-trackers (GT) during Pavlovian conditioning may shed light on individual variances in drug addiction. Here, we focus on the behavioral attributes, formation processes, and neural mechanisms underlying ST and how they drive addiction towards compulsivity in humans. We will explore addiction from three interconnected levels: individual personality traits, social factors, and neurobiology. Furthermore, we distinguish between the processes of sensitization and habituation within ST. These nuanced distinctions across various aspects of addiction will contribute to our understanding of the addiction development process and the formulation of targeted preventive strategies.
Peer Review Status:Awaiting Review
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-05-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：创新在全国现代化建设全局中占据核心地位，城市是创新活动开展的主体区域，科学测度城市创新能力对于提升城市竞争力及制定创新战略具有重要价值。以黄河流经区域中的48个城市作为研究对象，从人才培养能力、科技研发能力、经济支撑能力和环境服务能力4个维度构建了城市创新评价指标体系，运用熵权法、Jenks Natural Breaks分类法、基尼系数、Moran’s I 等数据分析方法，测度了黄河流域城市创新能力，分析了黄河流域城市创新水平的空间分异及主要障碍因素。结果表明：（1）黄河流域整体创新能力不高，少数高值城市与其余城市之间得分差距显著，创新能力呈现上、中、下游阶梯式递增趋势。（2）以朔州—陇南为线，城市创新能力呈现出东南高西北低的分布状态，且各维度的空间分布与总创新能力趋于一致。（3）黄河流域城市创新能力分布处于较不均衡状态，空间集聚特征表现为正向的空间关联，主要属于低值集聚的空间模式。（4）科技研发能力与人才培养能力对黄河流域城市创新能力的提高影响程度较大，其中有效发明数是各城市共同的障碍指标。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-05-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：以黄河流域5大城市群82个城市为研究区域，选取2016—2020年中国环境监测总站发布的环境空气颗粒物（PM2.5）数据，采用空间自相关、地理探测器和地理加权回归等方法，研究PM2.5的时空分布特征和空间异质性的主要驱动影响因素。结果表明：（1）PM2.5年均值的变化大体呈倒“N”型，季均值变化呈先降后升的周期规律性的“U”型。（2）在空间分布上，形成了黄河下游>中游>上游的梯度递减空间差异格局，并有逐渐下降的趋势。（3）PM2.5演变整体上呈正自相关集聚分布，集聚类型主要为高-高集聚、低-低集聚和低-高集聚类型。（4）2016年和2020年PM2.5空间分异的自然地理因素比社会经济因素的驱动力更强，交互作用结果为双因子增强或非线性增强2种类型。（5）通过地理加权回归模型对分异探测解释力变化最大的5个因子进行拟合，5 a间各因子对5大城市群PM2.5污染的负效应不断提高，正效应呈下降趋势，空间作用方向及强度上差异显著。研究结果为黄河流域5大城市群大气污染防治和环境规制完善提供参考依据，助推黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-05-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：推动黄河流域高质量发展是我国经济建设全面迈入高质量发展的必经之路，客观评价流域发展质量是有效提高发展质量的前提。因此，基于5大发展理念及高质量发展的内涵，构建黄河流域高质量发展评价指标体系，采用TOPSIS评价法测算2010—2021年黄河流域及5大经济增长极60个地级市的高质量发展水平，进而采用Dagum基尼系数和方差分解的方法探究区域非均衡性发展及差异来源，运用Kernel密度估计方法分析区域高质量发展演进趋势。结果表明：（1）样本期间内，沿黄城市高质量发展呈现“N”型变化态势，并具有上升的发展趋势，总体上省会、沿海和资源型城市的发展水平处于领先地位。（2）流域总体差异呈缩小的趋势，区域内、区域之间的差距及变化趋势各不相同。（3）组间差距是高质量发展差异主要的空间来源，支撑环境差异是流域及5大经济增长极差异主要的结构来源。（4）流域及5大经济增长极的演进趋势各不相同，多数区域高质量发展水平持续向好。基于此，提出做好顶层设计方案，加强区域之间合作、打造特色经济增长极，避免同质化竞争、加强中心城市的辐射带动作用及提升经济发展软实力等建议。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-05-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：内蒙古自治区作为中国重要的光伏发电基地，近年来盲目建设光伏电站的问题日益突出，掌握区域光伏开发的适宜性、发电潜力和减排效益对光伏产业的健康发展具有重要意义。为了探讨内蒙古自治区光伏开发适宜性与减排效益，综合利用气象、自然地理和经济社会数据，通过构建“气象-地形-位置-植被”光伏开发适宜性综合评价指标体系，利用层次分析法确定评价指标的权重，借助地理信息系统工具对内蒙古自治区光伏开发适宜性进行空间显性评价，进而定量评估在不同开发强度下的光伏发电潜力与减排效益，并对各盟市光伏发电潜力与电力需求进行对比分析。结果表明：（1）内蒙古自治区西部的光伏开发适宜性大于中部和东部，各类适宜区主要分布在西部的阿拉善盟和巴彦淖尔市，光伏开发特别适宜、较适宜和适宜区域的面积占内蒙古自治区总面积的23.66%。（2）内蒙古自治区光伏发电潜力巨大，特别适宜的区域开发12.57%即可满足内蒙古自治区2021年用电量。（3）内蒙古自治区光伏发电潜力与电力需求分布有着较强的空间异质性，空间格局特征显著。（4）内蒙古自治区光伏发电的节能减排效果显著，与传统燃煤火力发电相比，若特别适宜区全部开发，年碳减排量约2.947×109 t，是2021年内蒙古自治区碳排放总量的4.46倍，占我国2021年碳排放总量的21.20%。研究结果为内蒙古自治区光伏电站选址和光伏产业的健康发展提供科学参考和指导建议。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-05-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：为及时准确地获取干旱区农作物种植信息，研究借助PIE-Engine Studio平台，以新疆焉耆盆地为研究区，基于2022年Sentinel-2影像和1948个野外定位采样数据提取农作物生育期内14种植被指数，使用See5.0决策树、随机森林（Random forest，RF）和多元回归（Multiple regression，MR）模型优选特征参数，结合支持向量机（Support vector machine，SVM）算法构建5种分类模型和5种样方分割方案进行农作物种植信息提取，通过目视解译和混淆矩阵对比分析分类结果，确定最佳分类方案。结果表明：（1）所有分类模型的总体精度（OA）和Kappa系数均在92.20%和0.9037以上，说明在PIE平台中使用SVM算法提取农作物信息是可行的。（2）SVM-有红边的OA和Kappa系数均值为93.77%和0.9236，比SVM-无红边方法提高了0.96%和0.0120。（3）相比于SVM-有红边方法，植被指数的引入提高了SVM-RF、SVM-MR和SVM-See5.0的OA和Kappa系数。（4）5种分类模型的OA和Kappa系数均值的大小关系为：SVM-RF>SVM-MR>SVM-See5.0>SVM-有红边>SVM-无红边，表明红边波段和植被指数的加入显著提高了农作物识别的精度，其中SVM-RF（8:2）为最佳分类模型，OA和Kappa系数分别为98.72%和0.9866。研究结果可为准确快速获取大尺度干旱区农作物信息提供新的思路和参考依据。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-05-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：为明晰荒漠草原优势植物的植物生物量与土壤养分关系，研究选取祁连山北麓肃北区域荒漠草原骆驼蓬（Peganum harmala）、狗尾草（Setaria viridis）、中华羊茅（Festuca sinensis）、碱茅（Puccinellia distans）和冰草（Agropyron cristatum）5种优势植物，测定该其生物量和根际土壤养分，探究其植物生物量分配及其与土壤养分间的关系。结果表明：（1）5种优势植物间总生物量和根冠比差异显著（P冰草>中华羊茅>骆驼蓬>狗尾草。（2）5种植物根际土壤有机碳、碱解氮、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾及其化学计量特征均存在显著差异（P狗尾草>冰草>骆驼蓬>中华羊茅。（3）不同植物生物量、根冠比及土壤养分变异性不一致，骆驼蓬、狗尾草和中华羊茅的根际土壤全钾与碱茅和冰草的根际土壤含水量等均为弱变异，而土壤养分及其化学计量特征为中等变异。5 种优势植物的生物量与根际土壤碱解氮和全钾呈正相关性（P<0.05）。可见荒漠草原生态系统中植物生物量分配和根际土壤养分在生活史和物种间的差异较大，今后应根据不同优势植物养分需求，合理施肥来修复退化的荒漠生态系统。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-05-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：水分是制约半干旱区沙地植物生长发育和生态建设的关键非生物因子。于2008—2010年和2018—2021年生长季（4—10月）对毛乌素沙地流动、半固定和固定沙地0~100 cm深土壤水分进行了连续观测，系统分析了不同固定程度沙地土壤水分动态变化规律及其对降雨的响应。结果表明：（1）受降雨季节变化的影响，流动、半固定和固定沙地不同深度土壤水分季节变化一般呈∽型或双峰型，10 cm和30 cm深土壤水分含量波动较大，60 cm和100 cm深土壤水分含量波动较小。（2）3种固定程度沙地生长季土壤水分动态差异明显，总体来看，流动沙地土壤水分状况最好，且土壤水分含量化相对平缓，固定沙地土壤水分状况最差，且土壤水分含量变化最为剧烈，半固定沙地居于二者之间；固定沙地10~30 cm深土壤水分状况好于半固定沙地和流动沙地，30~100 cm深土壤水分状况则相反。（3）降雨格局是形成土壤水分时空格局的主要原因，随降雨事件降雨量增加，降雨的入渗深度逐渐增加；但是固定沙地土壤水分的深层补充需较强的降雨和较长的时间。生长季降雨事件以小降雨事件为主，表层土壤水分波动更剧烈。生长季初期降雨较少且以小降雨事件为主，10 cm以下土壤水分补充困难，土壤水分状况较差。流动沙地和半固定沙地10~30 cm深土壤水分状况好于30~100 cm深土壤，而固定沙地土壤水分状况则相反。研究结果可为半干旱区沙化土地近自然植被恢复与固沙植被稳定性维持提供科学依据。
Subjects: Geosciences >> Geography submitted time 2024-05-20 Cooperative journals: 《干旱区地理》
Abstract：土地利用方式是引起陆地生态系统碳储量变化的重要因素，对维持碳储量水平稳定有着关键作用。通过利用耦合的PLUS-InVEST模型评估与预测塔里木河流域1980—2020年土地利用与碳储量变化情况，设置自然发展、生态保护、耕地保护和城镇发展4种场景，分情景预测2030年研究区土地利用及碳储量的变化趋势，在此基础上探究土地利用变化对碳储量的影响。结果表明：（1）40 a间塔里木河流域耕地、建设用地与未利用地面积显著增加，林地、草地和水域面积减少。（2）40 a间1980—2020年碳储量总体呈上升趋势，总体增加了22.66×106 t，碳储量增加区域主要分布在塔里木河干流及其分支上。未利用地和草地是塔里木河流域主要的碳库，占碳储量总量的24.77%和19.37%。（3）情景预测发现2020年后碳储量流失量较大且流失速度逐渐较加快，碳储量减少区域主要分布在研究区的中西南部，未来草地向未利用地及林地向草地的转移均是碳储量流失主要原因，4种情景下分别减少了0.0475×108 t、0.0051×108 t、0.0285×108 t及0.0473×108 t。（4）耕地向林地、草地向林地、水域向草地及未利用地、未利用地向耕地及草地的转出都有利于碳储存。因此，在未来规划中，应耕地保护和生态保护相结合，在控制建设用地向外扩张的同时保证当地经济增长，提高碳储量水平，为实现“双碳”目标蓄力。
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